How to Beat Cusco Altitude Sickness Essential Tips for Travelers

Cusco, Peru, is a captivating destination nestled in the Andes Mountains at an impressive elevation of approximately 11,152 feet (3,399 meters) above sea level. This enchanting city, rich in history and culture, serves as the gateway to the iconic Machu Picchu.

 However, Cusco’s high altitude can pose a challenge for many travelers, potentially leading to altitude sickness. Fear not, fellow adventurers! With our firsthand experiences and practical tips, you’ll be well-prepared to enjoy your journey without the woes of altitude sickness.

Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when the body struggles to adjust to lower oxygen levels at high elevations. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, including headaches, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and shortness of breath. While anyone can experience AMS, certain precautions can help minimize the risk.

What Causes Altitude Sickness?

Altitude sickness is primarily caused by the reduced air pressure and lower oxygen levels at high elevations. As you ascend, the air thins, and your body must work harder to obtain the oxygen it needs. This can result in a range of symptoms as your body struggles to adapt.

Common Symptoms of AMS

The symptoms of altitude sickness can vary widely among individuals. Mild cases may include headaches, slight dizziness, and fatigue. More severe instances can involve intense nausea, vomiting, and significant shortness of breath. Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial to managing AMS effectively.

Why Some People Are More Susceptible

While altitude sickness can affect anyone, certain factors may increase susceptibility. These include a history of altitude sickness, rapid ascent without acclimatization, and pre-existing medical conditions. Understanding your personal risk factors can help you prepare and take preventive measures.

Top Seven Tips to Avoid Altitude Sickness in Cusco

1. Gradual Acclimatization

The key to altitude sickness prevention is allowing your body time to acclimate. Upon arriving in Cusco, take it easy for the first couple of days. Avoid strenuous activities and give your body a chance to adjust to the altitude gradually. Consider spending a day or two in nearby lower-altitude areas like the Sacred Valley before heading to Cusco.

Taking it Slow

When you first arrive in Cusco, resist the urge to dive straight into high-energy activities. Spend your initial days exploring at a leisurely pace. Walking tours of the city and visits to local museums can be excellent low-impact options. This will help you with physical preparation.

Benefits of the Sacred Valley

The Sacred Valley, with its slightly lower altitude, offers a perfect acclimatization stop. You can explore its charming villages and ancient ruins while your body gets used to the thinner air. This gradual ascent strategy can significantly reduce the risk of AMS.

Balancing Rest and Exploration

While rest is crucial, it’s also important to keep moving gently. Short, relaxed walks in the city or light stretching exercises can help your body adjust without overexerting it. This balance between rest and mild activity promotes better acclimatization.For better acclimatization, you can take city tours. Once you’re feeling stronger, you can visit nearby archaeological sites like Sacsayhuaman or the Maras salt mines.

2. Stay Hydrated

Hydration plays a crucial role in preventing altitude sickness. The dry mountain air can lead to dehydration, exacerbating symptoms. Drink plenty of water throughout the day, and consider avoiding alcohol and caffeine, as they can contribute to dehydration.

Water: Your Best Friend

Carrying a refillable water bottle is a simple yet effective way to ensure you stay hydrated. Frequent sips throughout the day can help maintain fluid levels, counteracting the drying effects of the mountain air.

Avoiding Dehydrating Beverages

Alcohol and caffeine, while tempting, can exacerbate dehydration. Opt for herbal teas and natural fruit juices instead. These alternatives not only hydrate but also provide essential nutrients to support your body’s adaptation to the altitude.

 

A good indicator of hydration is the color of your urine. Pale yellow suggests adequate hydration, while darker shades indicate a need for more fluids. Staying attentive to these signs can help you manage your hydration effectively.

3. Coca Leaves and Tea

Coca leaves have been used by indigenous Andean communities for centuries to combat altitude sickness. You can chew on coca leaves or sip coca tea, both of which are readily available in Cusco. They are believed to help improve oxygen uptake and reduce symptoms of AMS.

The use of coca leaves is deeply rooted in Andean culture. Indigenous people have long relied on coca for its medicinal properties, particularly in high-altitude regions. The leaves contain alkaloids that are thought to enhance oxygen absorption.

How to Consume Coca

Coca leaves can be chewed directly or brewed into a tea. Many hotels and restaurants in Cusco offer coca tea as a complimentary welcome drink. Sipping it throughout the day can provide continuous relief from mild AMS symptoms.

4. Avoid Heavy Meals

Opt for light, easily digestible meals during your first days at high altitude. Heavy meals can put additional stress on your body, making it harder to acclimate. Choose foods rich in carbohydrates, which are easier to digest and provide energy.

Choosing the Right Foods

Carbohydrate-rich foods like pasta, rice, and bread are ideal for high-altitude diets. They are easier to digest and provide the necessary energy for your body to adjust. Incorporate fruits and vegetables for a balanced nutrient intake.

5. Prescription Medication

Consider consulting your healthcare provider about medications like acetazolamide (Diamox), which can aid in acclimatization. This medication helps your body adjust more quickly by increasing breathing and promoting better oxygen absorption.

6. Oxygen Supplements

Portable oxygen canisters are available for purchase in Cusco and can provide quick relief if you experience severe symptoms. While not a substitute for proper acclimatization, they can be a helpful tool to have on hand for emergencies.

When to Use Oxygen

Oxygen supplements should be reserved for situations where symptoms become severe and unmanageable. They can provide immediate relief from shortness of breath and dizziness, giving you time to seek medical assistance if needed.

7. Listen to Your Body

Above all, listen to your body. If you start feeling unwell, take a break, rest, and allow yourself to acclimate at your own pace. Pushing through symptoms can lead to more severe forms of altitude sickness, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), which require immediate medical attention.

Recognizing Warning Signs

Understanding when to pause is crucial. Symptoms like persistent headaches, extreme fatigue, and confusion should not be ignored. These can indicate that your body needs more time to adjust or that medical attention is necessary.

Creating a Flexible Itinerary

Build flexibility into your travel plans to accommodate rest periods and adjustments based on how you feel. This approach allows you to enjoy Cusco at your own pace, without the pressure of sticking to a rigid schedule.

Seeking Medical Help

If symptoms worsen or do not improve with rest, seek medical help immediately. Cusco has several clinics and hospitals equipped to handle altitude-related emergencies. Don’t hesitate to reach out for professional assistance if needed.

Embrace Cusco’s Cultural and Scenic Wonders

Cusco is a treasure trove of cultural and historical wonders that deserve your full attention. Once acclimatized, explore the city’s charming streets, visit the majestic Sacsayhuamán fortress, and immerse yourself in the vibrant local markets.

Discovering Lesser-Known Gems

While Machu Picchu is undoubtedly the highlight, Cusco boasts lesser-known gems waiting to be discovered. Take a day trip to Rainbow Mountain, known for its stunning multicolored stripes, or explore the ancient ruins of Tipón, a marvel of Inca engineering.

Rainbow Mountain Adventure

Rainbow Mountain offers a breathtaking adventure for those willing to venture beyond the typical tourist path. The trek is challenging but rewarding, with panoramic views that showcase the natural beauty of the Andes. There is a similar option called Palccoyo mountain, equally as impressive.

Capturing the Essence of Cusco

For photographers, Cusco offers endless opportunities to capture breathtaking landscapes and authentic cultural moments. Wander through the San Blas neighborhood, with its narrow streets and artisan workshops, or visit the bustling San Pedro, local Market of Cusco, to document everyday life in this vibrant city.

Photography in San Blas

San Blas is the perfect place for photography, with its vibrant colors and unique architecture. The neighborhood is known for its artistic community, providing ample opportunities to capture both the creativity and daily life of Cusco.

Market Moments at San Pedro

San Pedro Market is a bustling hub of activity, perfect for street photography. Capture the vibrant displays of local produce, the interactions between vendors and customers, and the vivid tapestry of Peru and its culture in this lively marketplace.

Mastering Light and Composition

Cusco’s high altitude offers unique lighting conditions that can enhance your photographs. Early mornings and late afternoons provide the best natural light for landscape photography, while midday sun can create striking contrasts in street scenes.

Practical Travel Advice for a Smooth Journey

 

Plan Your Itinerary Wisely

When planning your itinerary, consider spending the first few days in lower-altitude areas before ascending to Cusco. This gradual approach allows your body to acclimate more easily, making your experience more enjoyable. You will have time to explore the hidden gems that the city holds.

Creating a Balanced Itinerary

Balance is key when crafting your travel plans. Include a mix of cultural exploration and relaxation days to prevent overexertion. This strategy not only aids acclimatization but also ensures a richer travel experience.

Prioritizing Acclimatization

Make acclimatization a priority by scheduling your most strenuous activities toward the end of your trip. This allows your body the necessary time to adjust, enhancing your enjoyment and safety during high-altitude excursions.

Utilizing Local Tours

Consider joining local tours for a more structured and informative experience. Guides can provide valuable insights into the region’s history and tradition, as well as practical tips for managing altitude and navigating Cusco.

Pack Accordingly

Pack layers to accommodate the fluctuating temperatures of the Andes. Evenings can be chilly, so a warm jacket is essential. Don’t forget sunscreen and sunglasses, as the sun’s intensity increases at high altitudes.

Cultural Sensitivity

Cusco is a living tapestry of Andean culture and history. Respect local customs and traditional culture, and engage with the community to gain a deeper understanding of their way of life. Learning a few basic phrases in Quechua, the indigenous language, can also go a long way in building connections.

Respecting Traditions

Cultural sensitivity involves understanding and respecting the customs and traditions of the places you visit. Participate in local festivals and ceremonies with an open mind and observe how locals interact with their environment.

Engaging with the Community

Building connections with locals can enrich your travel experience. Attend community events, support local artisans, and engage in conversations to learn about their way of life. This approach fosters mutual respect and appreciation.

Language as a Bridge

Learning basic phrases in Quechua, such as greetings and expressions of gratitude, can enhance your interactions. Locals appreciate the effort and it often opens doors to more meaningful exchanges and experiences.

Ready to Conquer the Andes?

Cusco is a destination that rewards travelers with its breathtaking landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture. By taking the necessary precautions to prevent altitude sickness, you can fully immerse yourself in the wonders this city has to offer. Remember to acclimate gradually, stay hydrated, and listen to your body. With our essential tips in mind, you’re well-equipped to embark on an unforgettable journey to the heart of the Andes.